US Current Account Deficit

According to Peterson Institute for International Economics, the Current Account Deficit of the United States is now at the highest point it has ever reached, nearing $800 billion. This situation is not financially sustainable because in accounting terms it demands that the US economy must import about $4 billion every working day to offset the deficit. The deficit is definitely a problem for the economy because it has to be addressed both economically and politically.The two factors, economics and politics go hand in hand and the relationship between the two factors is directly proportional meaning that when politics are generally tranquil, the economy grows and vice versa. To be able to address the deficit a combination of well orchestrated measures must be taken thus: – i) The first measure is rather obvious and it dictates a sizable reduction in the US budget expenditure.Money guzzlers like the protracted wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have to be contained. ii) The second me asure is an expansion of demand for domestic US products in other economies particularly other major economies for faster results. Along with this expansion, the US has to reduce its dependence on imports particularly oil whose price fluctuations have a negative effect on the US economy. iii) The third measure is a technical gradual and substantial realignment of currency exchange rates.A cheaper dollar would stimulate exports which would in turn earn the US the much needed foreign exchange. One handicap with this measure is that other major economies like China and the Oil Producing States have to allow the dollar to fall further against their currencies an act which is not probable. This is because of the less than amiable relations between the US and the other economies. Simply put, these nations might not be very willing to bail the US out.

Luckily several months later my uncle informed

Dear Academic Standards Committee, My name is Jung-Hyun Shin. Before I start to explain my rapid progression on a high school diploma program, I would like to draw your attention towards my dream career.Ever since I was little, I dreamt of becoming a professional hair stylist. The state of California has plenty of professional hair academies and schools. However, most of them require a high school diploma. Unfortunately, the lack of a diploma was proving to be a big hurdle in reaching my ultimate dream.Luckily, several months later my uncle informed me that there is a really good online high school diploma program offered in the United States. After doing extensive research about this online high school program on Google and Yahoo!, I was quite convinced.I found several testimonies from students claiming that it was a legitimate way of earning a degree. Most testimonies concluded that the course was doable and students can finish the course quickly if they work really hard. Later, I signed up for this online high school diploma course, paid tuition in full and received all study materials/textbooks in the mail from schoolSince I was eager to start hair styling training school in the spring of 2009, I started studying almost everyday. It got to a point where I had only four to five hours of sleep a day. Since I don’t work, I put all my energies into studying for this high school diploma program.My dream career of becoming a professional hair stylist propelled me to go back to high school. The desire to enter Hair Training School in the spring semester was a source of motivation to study everyday. I wanted to earn a high school diploma in order to ultimately meet both admission requirements and an application deadline.Although I was not able to apply to the hair training school for the spring semester, I learnt an important lesson. â€Å"Happy are those who dream dreams and are ready to pay the price to make them come true.† Without having a dream c areer in my mind, I wouldn’t have made the decision to go back to high school to earn a diploma. Since I had a strict deadline in mind to finish a high school diploma course, I could finish several subjects rapidly.To put it simply, some courses such as Orientation, Human Relations, and Consumer Math were easier and took less time to complete because the questions asked in exams were very straightforward. However, some courses like Civics, American History, World History and Earth Science were rather challenging subjects for me. It was possible to finish Orientation and Human Relations courses in a day. However, the same was not possible for subjects like World History and Earth Science. It took several days and even several weeks for me to finish these subjects.   

Why are strong writing skills important to your success in education Essay

Why are strong writing skills important to your success in education or a career - Essay Example Performance assessment systems are based on the writing abilities of a student. The better a student can write, the more his/her creativity becomes obvious to the teacher. A student who can write can write research papers. Research is one of the most important outcomes of education. Thus, writing skills are required not only to attain the degree but also to do research. Writing is a fundamental part of an employee’s duties in the workplace. Writing is so fundamental a business skill that employers take the employees’ writing skills for granted (McKay, 2011). Companies require employees with good writing skills to write memos, write letters to the customers and contractors, make advertisements and write research papers elaborating the usefulness of the company’s products and services. Convincing writing is one of the strongest ways of getting the competitive advantage. Concluding, strong writing skills are imperative for the advancement of both the academic and the professional career of an individual. Writing makes a record unlike verbal communication. Thus it is considered a useful means of assessing a student’s performance. Employees’ writing skills are required for professional communication in the

Other Organizational Forms for Small Businesses (Busniess Law) Essay

Other Organizational Forms for Small Businesses (Busniess Law) - Essay Example It is the most popular kind of business. The owner of the business enjoys some advantages such as exemption from paying the corporate income tax. Also, he is his own boss, hence, able to keep the business secrets and make take total control of the business.This form of business is cheap and easy to form and dissolve without necessarily going through procedures like the other forms. The fact that the owner keeps all the profit is another highlight and motivation of sole proprietorship. However, this business form has its own shortcomings. For instance the owner is subject to unlimited liability of business debts. There is no separation between the business property and personal property. Therefore, creditors can extend to personal property to pay for their claims. The starting capital for this business can be an obstacle due to lack of source of financing. This can also hinder the expansion of the business due to limited capital. It can also experience management problems especially if the owner is not familiar with such areas. The owner may lose everything in cases where the liabilities are too much to bear. It also lacks continuity because its existence entirely depends on the existence of the owner. In a partnership, two or more people come together and form a business with a view of making profit. Each member is called a partner the members are collectively known as partnership firm. It consists of 2 to 20 people. The members require a partnership deed or agreement which is a document containing all the written agreements. Such agreements include names of the partners, how profit and losses will be shared, banking accounts, date of commencement, rights and duties of the members etc. Advantages of this form of business include the sharing of losses. There is also more available capital to start and expand the business. Responsibilities are shared hence it is not a burden to one person like in

Human Recource Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Recource Managment - Essay Example What’s more, exchange of information is critical in creating competitive advantage for organizations. Since numerous markets are somewhat flooded with many organizations making efforts towards similar core competencies, firms are forced to enhance their information dissemination in order to produce a sustainable competitive advantage. The information age and its revolution has budged organizations away from being nearsightedly concerned with the utilization of tangible assets towards a holistic and unwavering interest in leveraging intangible assets, such as the management of information dissemination as a way of ensuring that competitive advantage is developed. Impact on business Dissemination of business information is a source of competitive advantage. Dissemination of information facilitates communication across all organizational boundaries, such that the entire business is able to seize the available opportunities and address its challenges by bringing all the stakeholde rs on board. In view of this, managers are able to use information dissemination as a tool of fostering productive and collaborative exchange between employees. With effective dissemination of knowledge, businesses are able to increase influential decisions significantly, since all the origination’s stakeholders are able to gain access to important strategic opinions, instead of holding such information on the hands of high-level management only. What’s more, by allowing employees to have access to each other, those who have the most current information are able to share it with those who derives benefit from it, rather than going through upright channels of upper management. In view of this, the organization is able to make quick decisions and implement them successfully. Integration of technology and HR Since Human Resources are one of the most critical assets in an organization, it is important that its adoption of technology is at the same level with marketing, pro duction or finance. This includes automation of performance appraisal systems, payroll, and employee benefits. Furthermore, deployment and management of technology in an effective way, means that any business organization would require knowledge workers, and it is the responsibility of HR function to manage the knowledge workers. This makes integration of technology and HR a must. Therefore, the point on adoption of technology in HR is very important because it is about efficiency of Human Resources, which is a very important tool for competitive advantage. Impact on business Integration of technology and HR facilitates harmonious, complementing and enhanced co-existing of business functions. While technology plays an important role in enhancing effectiveness of HR, adoption and managing of change is enhanced by HR that is brought about by the technology. Integrating technology and HR functions leads to successful business strategy execution, employees’ contribution, administ rative efficiency and capacity for change. All these are fulfilled through the contribution of workers, including development, staffing, benefits, compensation, highly performing teams, among others. Actually, technology is bringing about the highest number of changes in the HR market. Besides, implementing of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) has a strong impact on business excellence, since this reduces

Leagal case study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leagal case study - Term Paper Example In December 2002 Mora received a report of detainee abuse at Guantanamo Naval Base, Cuba. Despite the notation that the Navy or Marine Corps and OGC attorneys were not involved, he still went to investigate. Mora admits that this chronological narrative of the significant events pertaining to detainee interrogation, in which he and the OGC participated or had knowledge of, is sadly lacking since he was unable to identify and name all those who participated. Suffice it to say that in other aspects his efforts yielded a lot of good. He was able to uncover an action memo, dated Dec.2, authorizing entitled "Counter -Resistance Techniques" authorized by Secretary Rumsfield and rumored to be partly authorized at a "high level" in Washington permitted the use of certain interrogation techniques. Mora understood the necessity of obtaining information to prevent another 9/11 but to condone such practices to him will cause harm to the national legal, political, military and diplomatic interest s.

Communication with Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Communication with Families - Essay Example Working parents, especially fathers, or those who live at distant locations are â€Å"less involved† in their children’s education â€Å"unless the school organizes opportunities†¦in various times and in various places† (Epstein, 2001, p. 407). C. The teacher said that the document contained some information that came â€Å"directly from our state education office†. This technical information was less likely to be understood by less educated parents. Secondly, the teacher said that the â€Å"web site will also allow us to communicate by e-mail†, but he did not consider the fact that many parents would not be having any computers at home or e-mail addresses through which they could communicate with school authorities. D. The information that came directly from the state education office would have affected less educated parents since they might not have understood such formal phrases. Secondly, those parents who did not know how to use internet or did not have computers at home got no help in getting to know how to use the website. Mendoza (2003) asserts that â€Å"when professionals use technical terms and jargon without sufficient explanation, parents may not understand key information about their children†. E. The teacher could have shown greater sensitivity to the parents by explaining the instructions of state education office in easier words so that every parent could have understood it. Mendoza (2003) states that the difficult reading level of the written materials makes them â€Å"potentially inaccessible to parents with lower literacy skills or to second-language English speakers†. Secondly, the teacher should have considered how those parents were going to communicate who did not have computers at their homes. F. A parent plays a vital role in his child’s education. He has to stay well informed about his timetable. He

Generation conflict between Kiswana and her mother. Based on Gloria Research Paper

Generation conflict between Kiswana and her mother. Based on Gloria Naylor- Kiswana Browne - Research Paper Example In addition, conflicts may occur when mothers learn of some funny behavior adopted by their daughters. Individuals can improve the relationship between mothers and daughters through various advances. For one, there can be strategies instituted with an aim of enhancing a mutual understanding. Additionally, mothers should ensure they try to meet demands of their daughters. Prevention of conflicts is better and helps in the growth of daughters as well as their mothers. This paper concerns about the reason why it was so difficult for Kiswana to relate to her mother. â€Å"Kiswana Brown† by Naylor Gloria was a woman activist. Drieling (45) states that Kiswana Browne is a college dropout currently staying in Brewster Place after moving from â€Å"Linden Hills† her homeland. Kiswana stays in a badly maintained small house apartment. Her strong believe that she could bring into being the proper social change made her to move to Brewster. Much anxiety grows in Kiswana as she loo ks forward to welcome her mother. Being the first visit from her mother, it is not welcoming, as there is a disagreement between both of them (Kiswana and her mother). However, Kiswana’s mother ends the disagreement by revealing Kiswana’s original name, which is Melanie. The reason why it was difficult for kiswana to relate to her mother was principally difference in the values. ... Kiswana fails to recognize the essence of her in her entire life. Kiswana moving out of her parents and living in a different region evidences this (Wilson 23). Disrespect is the major cause of conflicts between mothers and their daughters. It is the role of parents to let their children live in the truth about their real identities. Kiswana’s mother calmed Kiswana down by letting her know of her original name. The principal factors affecting mother-daughter relationships include perception, behavior, and diverse demands (Almond 57). Female parents living with their children have to overcome conflicts no matter what decisions they try to make. Conflicts hinder positive relations between parents and their children (specifically mothers and the girl-child). Daughters frequently complain about their mothers in all activities that they try to undertake. Mothers have assorted opinions concerning perception of daughters. For instance, some mothers think that daughters do not show th em (mothers) enough respect. Others say that daughters seldom listen to their mothers. Finally, others lack adequate time to spend with them (mothers). Mothers are still concerned about improving their relationship with their daughters. Generational conflicts between mothers and daughters take different forms. Conflicts may be due to the generation gap, civilizing diversity, and social class. For instance, Kiswana argued with the mother because of moving out of Linden Hills to Brewster and mobilizing people to form a tenants union. According to Kiswana’s mother, the union was unnecessary, as it led to increased tension between Black Americans and White Americans. Therefore, present day mothers should nurture their daughters to influence their daughters’ way of living

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 12

Research Paper Example The payment is made through secure servers where the merchant website redirects to the consumer’s online bank account, allows a secure login and subsequent initiation of electronic payment in favour of the merchant. (Karnouskos and Fokus, 2004). Web 2.0 is the latest technology that has taken the internet worl and the internet community by storm. It is characterised in the way a user interacts with the web. Unlike its predecessor the â€Å"Static Web†, this version of online Web interaction is a 2 way information exchange system. It not only allows the user to view and download content like text, video, audio, flash files etc, but also gives the user freedom to contribute to the online content. The technology behind, blogging, online user profile maintenance, twitter, Facebook, MySpace, Orkut, Google+, Linked In etc is Web2.0 which allows the user to customise his space or in other –words his profile. This is a frequently encountered feature in open chat rooms or discussion boards where users can either create profile or simply type text in the text boxes posting messages which mainly are polls, opinions, review or feedback about some product, service or technology. Forums like Physics forums, Maths forums, and online help forums are spreading like wildfire where users can interact with a team of experts from the comforts of their homes and get their queries answered by specialists. In such cases the users are separated by time and space which is what makes the interaction even more breathtaking Web2.0 redefines user interaction and has in fact changed the way people use the web. People use its much more like an online repository, a well organised, catalogued, tidy storage system capable of safe, secure and reliable storage of thousands of Gigabytes of information. Executive support systems or Manager Support Systems (as referred in some Enterprise Resource

SLA Position Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SLA Position Paper - Assignment Example Human nature prompts one to deal with whatever is mysterious and restless. Researchers continue to knock at one theory after another, state all kinds of hypotheses and strive to prove them. Based on an overview of research in the nature of language and pedagogical systems, and with a few additions from my own experience, I shall make some observations about these issues in this position paper. Normally, man as a social being, has a desire to know more and more people and associate with them. This process begins with introduction and can proceed to all kinds of relationships ranging from mere acquaintance to wedlock. Knowing the new person does not stop with knowing his name, background and a few other details. Knowing him better means knowing everything about him, including his past life, future ambitions etc. He has his own social identity; he is a part of his culture, belongs to some religious community and shares some beliefs and attitudes. He speaks a mother tongue which is part and parcel of his personality. I believe that a person’s character is shaped by the place and community where he is born, his religion, culture, socio-economic background, and of course, his mother tongue. Just as all these factors shape his perception of the world and the people around him, his first language or MT also influences his personality. The language, its nature, the thoughts and concepts expressed in it, the lexis and structure, phonological structure, all shape his views, attitudes and insights into the world and human life. Thus, indirectly and to a significant extent, language has a contribution in the formation of character and personality. Language is embedded in culture. Culture implies a number of things and language is one of them. In other words, language is one of the elements of culture. Language and culture are firmly bound to each other. A human being is a product of his culture. His thoughts and attitudes are fostered by it. Culture nourishes the cha racter of an individual. If language is a part of culture, it follows logically that language lends social identity to the individual. An individual speaking a particular dialect is immediately identified as belonging to a certain geographical region, a social stratum, a cultural and linguistic community. One’s social status is decided by one’s language. I can thus say with some degree of conviction that personality of an individual revolves around two factors, language and culture. It is this understanding of the nature and importance of language that has led me to make a statement about language learning. Let us look at the whole issue of language learning from a different angle. An individual in the modern world is to be considered as a sum total of his character, views, opinions, beliefs, attitudes, socio-economic status, educational background and all other factors that make up his personality. This is chiefly shaped by his culture and language, which is his MT. I n changing times, he does not (and cannot afford to) restrict himself to his MT. Just as he tries to know, understand and acquire the new global culture, he simultaneously comes in contact with the individuals representing social identities of their own, speaking and using other languages which are their MTs. An entire understanding and acceptance of new culture implies contact, understanding and

How Far Do Sociologists Agree That Education Benefits the Ruling Class Essay Example for Free

How Far Do Sociologists Agree That Education Benefits the Ruling Class Essay The debate outlined above suggests that some sociologists believe that education benefits the ruling class, however other sociologists may argue that education benefits everyone or just men. To address this issue I will be looking at both sides of the argument and I will assess to what extent sociologists agree that education benefits the ruling class. Some sociologists; such as Marxist agree with the statement above that education benefits the ruling class. One reason for this is that they believe that education brings about social class reproduction, to benefit them. This means that rich can afford to go to big successful private schools, and then go onto having successful jobs, whereas the poor will continue being poor, as they cannot afford to go to private schools and therefore will not achieve the same grades as the ruling class and will not get as well paid jobs. They believe that the working class do not achieve in education because of their material deprivation and cultural deprivation meaning that the working class will not achieve as much as the ruling class, as they cannot afford to buy books, tutors or equipment like the ruling class can. Another reason Marxists agree with this statement is because they believe that through education the wealthy learn to rule, and the working class learn to be ruled. They believe that there is a hidden curriculum where the working class learn respect, authority, punctuality and hard work. This will then prepare them to be obedient workers for the ruling class, who will then exploit them to make a profit. Furthermore, Marxists believe that education transmits ideology; this means it puts the working class in a false consciousness this means that the working class cannot see that education therefore they do not start to revolve, and do anything about it. According to Marxists meritocracy is just a myth, and education is not fair as it favours the wealthy. On the other hand, other sociologists such as functionalists disagree that education benefits the ruling class. According to the functionalism education benefits the whole of society. They believe that the main purpose of education is secondary socialisation; this is where pupils learn important norms and values e.g. respect, manners, punctuality, and hard work. They learn this through social control and sanctions; these sanctions could be punishments, rewards, formal or informal. Functionalists believe that education helps maintain order in society, and without order there would be chaos (anomie). They also believe that education provides a sense of national identity, like being a British citizen. Another reason that functionalists disagree with the statement is because they believe that education performs occupational role allocation, this is where pupils will get a job according to their talents or skills therefore the most talented or most skilled will get the highest paid jobs. Functionalists believe that education provides the institution of work with skilled workers; this is the idea of organic analogy, where each institution is society work together to benefit one another. Functionalists claim that education is a meritocracy and that education is fair and based on equality of opportunity. They also believe that education provides an opportunity of social mobility, where the working class can move up the social class system if they work hard enough. Another function of education is that it provides child minding, therefore when the child is at school it allows both parents to work and earn money. Another view this is the feminists view, they disagree that education benefits the ruling class, however they believe that education benefits men. They claim that the role of education is to benefit males, to maintain a patriarchal society, where men dominate society. They do this by socialising students into traditional gender roles, where the females learn to be a housewife and the males learn to be the breadwinner. This is achieved through subject choice, and career advice, these are often based on stereotypes. For example, males will learn engineering at school, whereas females will not more domestic subjects such as cooking and sewing. However, this view may not be as relevant today as since the 1980s girls have been achieving better at all levels, which suggests that society is now less patriarchal and girls now have more opportunities. After assessing both sides of the argument, it is evident that education does benefit both the ruling class, and the working class. I think this because although education doesn’t benefit the working class as much, it does teach them important morals such as not to steal etc., I also believe that the education does benefit the ruling class, as it teaches them skills for the future, however I feel as though education is no long patriarchal as girls are achieving better then boys. Overall, I have come to the conclusion that education benefits everyone, some maybe not so much, but I believe everyone gains from education whether it is skills to work, or morals.

Emergency Response to Terrorism

Emergency Response to Terrorism Past Acts of Terrorism On September 11, 2001, America experienced an attack. Early in the morning at around 8:45 am a flight carrying 20, 000 gallons of jet fuel made its way to the northern side of the world trade centre tower hitting the 80th floor. This lead to the death of hundred plus individuals plus other were trapped on the higher floors of the world trade centre located in New York. Some few minutes later the same world trade centre building was hit with another plane which hit the 60th floor, and this led to a massive explosion that alarmed the whole state that indeed America was under attack. Immediately during the attack, the media managed to make a live broadcast of the attack so as to inform the public of the occurrence. The planners of the attack of the September 11 did it perfectly such that they ensured that there was no leak of the attack to the public. The attacker did not make use of any electronic form of communication, and thus this radio silence helped them execute their plan effectively. During the attack, the federal government experienced various communication breakdown, and this affected how the disaster was handled. An official from the 9/1 1gave a statement and said that the federal government experienced various communication breakdowns during the attack (Asaeda, 2005). The report that was given showed that the systems of communication that were put in place had failed. During the attack, those who were operating the planes tried to reach the Federal Aviation Administration via teleconferencing, but this proved difficult. The FAA did not join the conference for almost 15 minutes and even after they had joined they did not take an immediate move. The FAA personals involved in the conferencing did not have the authority to deal with the situation as the senior officials were absent. This delay in the relaying of information between the operators and the FAA contributed a lot to the attack being successful. If the official responded in advance, then an immediate solution would have been adopted to deal with the situation. Immediately the attack took place it only took a few minutes, and the firefighters were on the ground. The attack led to several individuals being hurt and may others losing their lives. The hospitals in New Jersey, New York and the neighbouring areas prepared themselves for the attack. The hospital beds were secured, and the elective surgeries that were taking place were put to a halt to make room for the victims of the attack. St Vincent who was the closest trauma centre approximately 1.6 km from the world trade centre was filled with victims of the occurrence. New York Cornell Hospital dealt with the burn patients as it is the only burn centre in Manhattan. The nurses and the doctors were not allowed to leave the hospitals because of the large number of patients that were being rushed to the hospitals (Kendra Wachtendorf, 2003). The rescue teams including the firefighters and the policemen were in place to ensure that the situation was under control. In total the rescue team mana ged to save the lives of twenty individuals who had been trapped in the building. The first responders encountered several challenges when the WTC attack took place. After the bombing of the world trade centre in 1993 radio repeaters were installed in the tower to ease communication but the firefighters were not aware that the repeaters were functioning. During the attack, there was little communication between the police department and the fire department and thus when the police were notified to evacuate the building after realising that the tower was at a risk of collapsing the firefighters were not informed. The firefighters lacked information about the collapse of the building because they were not watching the news broadcast and also because the communication centre for the police which could have used to inform them had been evacuated due to the threat that the building will collapse. The supplies for various equipment needed for rescue delayed and this thus crippled the rescue situation. The government agencies responded pretty well to the disaster. The various rescue teams and firefighting teams were in place, and they showed their bravery in the scene. They managed to save a lot of lives, and those who were injured were immediately rushed to the hospital. The hospital having been alarmed by the situation had already prepared for the disaster and had their doctors in place to take care of the situation at hand. The rescue teams experienced problems with communication, and thus the crowding of the communication network made it hard for the hospital to determine the patients are coming from the world trade centre attack (Simon Teperman, 2001). Despite the communication breakdown the hospitals still managed to take care of the patients and create more beds for the world trade centre victims. In future, the government should, therefore, ensure that they have communication backup in case of such an occurrence in future. The world trade centre sent an awakening call to the government of the United States concerning their preparation for such disasters. The fact that the tower has been a site of interest for many terrorists because of the many people it accommodates and its location as well. The government should, therefore, put in place security measures that will help curb such situations in future. The awakening call has also helped the government to improve the disaster management technique that was in place before. References Asaeda, G. (2005, September). World Trade Centre Attack. In International Congress on Disaster Medicine and Emergency Management. Yale, New Haven. Kendra, J. M., Wachtendorf, T. (2003). Elements of resilience after the world trade centre disaster: reconstituting New York Citys Emergency Operations Centre. Disasters, 27(1), 37-53. Simon, R., Teperman, S. (2001). The World Trade Center attack: lessons for disaster management. Critical Care, 5(6), 318. Emergency Response to Terrorism Emergency Response to Terrorism Decontamination On a wide scope of meaning, the word decontamination refers to the idea of making a place safe once it has been made unsafe in which ever manner. It involves getting rid of any dangerous objects like bombs or even people that make places unsafe. Cases of decontamination have been very severe as time has gone by mostly encouraged by the fact that there is high rate of technological development. High School In society, schools are one of the institutions that carry the highest number of people. They will have so many people or students who have gone to acquire knowledge and this is almost on a daily basis. Some of the reasons why a school could be attacked include; Many people will die or be affected during the attack due to the high population which is a characteristic of most schools. A terrorist always finds ways of affecting the highest population that he possibly can. The number of deaths that will be experienced in a school is quite high because the school has young children who may not know how to help themselves or how to offer proper first aid to their injured friends due to panic. This means that the number of deaths will be so high. The school has students from almost all walks of life or even at times from different countries and races. Attacking the school will mean that the different families where the children come from will be affected. A large portion of the country and state will be affected in the process. Initial considerations To make a school safe again there are so many things that I will have to look at; The nearness of the school to the city The population of the school is important so that one can prepare and approximate the number of first aid material that will be needed. The Decontamination Once we get to the school; Take all the casualties to the hospital without wasting any time so that we can save as many lifes as possible. This is the very first step to making the school safe by ensuring that the lives of those who have been affected are secured. Once that is done the facility should be cleared so that all people are kept as far away as possible from the school to avoid any more damages. Specialists in the area of bombing are then called in to survey the whole school and check if there are any more bombs. Any that is still on should be disarmed in the most careful way. The school should be then closed till its proved to be safe for any further learning. ÂÂ  Explain why your chosen initial decontamination considerations are important to this particular attack, and explain how, as a first responder, you will meet these challenges. The unfortunate aspect of the school in this case is that it is quite near to one of the big cities in the state and this poses a risk to the city. The people in the city will panic due to fear that they are next. The best way to deal with this is to use the media to inform them of what exactly happened and to ask them not to panic but to be cautious. The school is one of a high population of students and that goes without saying that I will need a lot of people in the rescue team for efficiency. Such a school may have a lot of casualties as the many students fought for safety out of their classes or the bomb may have affected many (Houghton,2016). Football stadium This is a good target for an attack because so many people love football and so he will get the attention he needs from the public. Since different people of different ages and ways of life go to watch football, no one will be able to tell who was responsible for the attack. A person can easily sneak the bomb in and out of the stadium. Initial considerations The architecture of the stadium- Some of the stadiums are quite complex in the way that they were built and this may make it even more difficult to decontaminate. It will require the help of architects especially when it comes to the issue of assessing the place for any bombs that may be hidden. The decontamination Approach scene with caution -While going to the arena, it is important to be careful as you go to the rescue because you can find that there are other bombs in the stadium that are still yet to go off and cause more death. Assess the place and find out where the bombs are located and disarm those that are still on to avoid further damage. Identify signs and indicators of CBRN incidents;-Take time to acquire patterns of things that were done deliberately to cause the bombing. This means establishing how the security was bridged all that was done for the bomb to go off It is important to know how many people lost their lives and to also identify who they were. People will come looking for their family members who might have lost their lives and so establishing the identity is important. For accountability purposes, the citizens will also expect to have a comprehensive report on the number of causalities in the bombing. Establish all the resources that will be needed for the cleaning up of any hazardous material left in the stadium. This will rely on the extent to which the bombing affected the place and the size of the stadium. The facility needs to be closed off from any further use till it is completely made safe for use. This will involve clearing of any chemicals or hazardous gases that may have been released. It can only be opened once professionals in this filed certify it as safe for use. Conclusion There are different forms of contamination in the world where bombing is one of them. This has been the cause of mass loss of life in the human history. These needs to be approached with care because any mistake made could make things worse. All the above listed steps or more should be followed with great caution so as to make places safe for use again. One fact remains; attacks will always be on places of large population (Simpson, 2014). References Houghton, B. (2016). The Changing Nature and Tactics of Terrorism. Oklahoma Politics, 25, 1-16. Fuse, A., Okumura, T., Hagiwara, J., Tanabe, T., Fukuda, R., Masuno, T., Yokota, H. (2013). New information technology tools for a medical command system for mass decontamination. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 28(03), 298-300. Simpson, E. (2014). The poor mans nuclear bomb.

Classifications of Government Expenditure

Classifications of Government Expenditure The welfare of the people of India highly depends on the expenditure of the Government of India (GOI). Government expenditure is a very important aspect of the governments budget presented by the finance minister every fiscal. Through it GOI tries to maximise the welfare of the people by appropriately allocating economic resources to various government activities. Government expenditure can be broadly classified into four categories: Functional Classification or Budget Classification: In April 1974, the GOI introduced a new accounting structure in order to serve the requirement of financial control and accountability. Under this structure, a five tier classification has been adopted sectoral, major head, minor head, subhead, and detailed heads of accounts. Sectoral classification has clubbed the government functions into three sectors, namely, General Services, Social and Community Services and Economic services. In the new structure, a major head is assigned to each function and minor head is assigned to each programme. Each minor head include activities or schemes or organizations as subheads. Economic Classification: Economic classification of the government expenditure signifies the way of the allocation of resources to various economic activities. It involves listing the government expenditure by significant economic categories, separating current expenditure from capital expenditure, spending for goods and services from transfers to individuals and institutions, inter-governmental loans from grants etc. This classification provides a record of governments influence in each sector of the economy. Cross Classification or Economic-cum-functional Classification: Cross classification provides the break-up of government expenditure both by economic and by functional heads. For example, expenditure on medical facilities, a functional head, is split as current expenditure, capital expenditure, transfers and loans. Accounting Classification: Accounting classification of the government expenditure can be presented under (i) Revenue and Capital (ii) Developmental and Non-Developmental and (iii) Plan and Non-Plan. Each classification of expenditure has an objective associated with it. For instance, Revenue and Capital expenditure indicates the creation of assets by government expenditure and unproductive expenditure. Further, the developmental and non-developmental classification differentiates the government classification as the expenditure on social and community services and economic service from that against general expenditure. Similarly, the Plan and Non-Plan expenditure represents the expenditure on planned schemes of government and non-plan expenditures. The above classification of the government expenditure serves one or more of the purposes of the government, such as, parliamentary control over expenditure, economic development, price stability etc. Analysis of Government Expenditure in India The chart given below shows the division of government expenditure in terms of capital and revenue expenditure for some selected years. The percentage share of revenue expenditure in government expenditure has increased over time due to increase in expenditure in society welfare. The growth story of the India can be said in terms of five year plans which give an account of government expenditure during the plans. The first five year plan (1951-56) laid emphasis on agriculture, including irrigation and power, wherein the government had spent 36% of its subject on these heads. The second five year plan (1956-61) marks the foray towards industrialization with an increased government spending in transport and communication sector with an contribution of 28.9% of its expenditure. The urge for industrialization continues even during the third five year pan (1961-66) with 24% and 20% public spending on Industry Minerals, and Transport and Communication respectively. Fourth to seventh five year plans have social services of education, health, welfare sharing a majority of the pie with 24% and 26% expenditure in fourth and fifth plan. The eight five year plan (1992-97) commenced the era of fiscal reform and liberalization. There were increased efforts to improve the economic growth and quality of life of the common man. There were high public spending on the sectors like energy (26.6%), Transportation and communication (20.8%) and Social and other services (19.6%). The Ninth five year plan (1997-2002) focussed on the development of infrastructure by allocating 72% of the funds to irrigation, energy, transport and communication and social service. The tenth five year had an objective of atleast 8% growth rate by providing a boast to power sector spending (26.56%) and increasing social Community services sector spending to 29.27%. COMPARISON OF INFLATION BASED ON CPI AND WPI Consumer Price Index (CPI), is defined as the weighted average change over time in the prices of a basket of the good and services consumed by a consumer. While, Wholesale Price Index is defined as the weighted average change over time in the price of a basket of wholesale goods. Inflation rate is calculated based on the CPI and WPI as the percentage in the respective indices over time, generally a year. The calculation of inflation rates based on CPI and WPI form 1994-95 to 2006-07 is given in the table provided below: CPI and WPI differ in terms of their weights assigned to their respective constituent basket goods and services. Food has been assigned a higher weight in CPI (46% in CPI-IW) as compared to a weight of only 27% in WPI. As a result, the CPI changes more with the change in the food process as compared to the WPI. Further, the fuel group has a much lower weight in CPI (7% on an average) relative to that in the WPI (14.2%). Consequently, the variations in international crude process affect the WPI more than CPI. Also, services are not included under WPI, but are included in the CPI to different extents. Hence, the CPIs are influenced by the service price inflation. Considering the data provided in the table above, it can be inferred that on an average CPI-IW inflation is higher than that of WPI inflation. Also, in terms of WPI inflation the period from 1994-95 to 1995-94 was of higher inflation, then the inflation decreases and increases again in 2000-01 and then decreases again. It can be seen that the inflation rate, both CPI inflation and WPI inflation, follows a cyclic pattern.

Medieval Castles Essay -- essays research papers fc

Medieval Castles and their Interior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although it is thought that medieval times were barbaric they too enjoyed many comforts we still do today. There is much more to the castle then its’ size or the stone arches inside which are still used in many homes today. Castles today are still flocked to by millions of people every year. Sometimes you even see copies of castles right here in the U.S.A but they are not quite the same. Although they were originally built to protect the King, Castles became more and more popular among other nobles as well. Each family castle had their own special design and touch but most castles of medieval times had a lot of the same basic elements in their interior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within the shell keep and behind the great walls of these castles there was always one basic element: the great hall. It was often on the ground floor but sometimes it was raised to the second floor for extra security. â€Å"The great hall was a large one-room structure with a lofty ceiling†(Giess 58). This was where all the people of the castles slept (excluding the lord and the Lady). There was of course a great big curtain put up so the ladies would be separate from the men. It wasn’t until the end of the century when separate rooms were invented. The great hall was usually located in the very center of the castle and walls built out of stone surrounded the whole room. The entrance was in a sidewall near the lower end of the hall. An outside staircase would be built if the hall were on the second floor. The family would usually have its feasts in this room (Gies 60). For even more security they would have guards stand outside the great hall on all sides of the room so guests would feel safe when they were feasting (Nardo 57). Early halls were aisled like a church, with rows of wooden posts or stone pillars supporting the timber roof. Windows were equipped with wooden shutters secured by an iron bar but they were rarely glazed. It wasn’t until the13th century a king or a great baron might have white or greenish glass in the windows. Then later in the14th century that glazed windows were in every castle (Gies59).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the castle, the first floor or ground floor (it was sometimes called) was the actual earth itself. ... ...d. All that remains now are ruins that dot the countryside every where throughout England.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though the castle has disappeared it has not been completely forgotten. Today many decorators and homeowners borrow and try to recreate the barbaric look. A lot of people find in quite romantic. People are reminded of royalty and all the important people during this period like King Arthur and Robin Hood. In conclusion, the Medieval Castle’s interior decoration began to have importance and much of its’ innovations are still used today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WORKS CITED Nardo, Don. The Medieval Castle. California: Lucent Books, 1997. Singman, Jeffery L. Medieval Europe. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1999. Gies, Frances, et. al. Life in a Medieval Castle. New York: Thomas Crowell Company,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1974. â€Å"Interior Design.† World Book Encyclopedia. 1995. ed. Medieval Castles. 12 Dec 2001. http://www.castles-of-britain.com

First Amendment Essay -- Governmental Freedom Constitution Essays

First Amendment The modern American conception of freedom of speech comes from the principles of freedom of the press, and freedom of religion as they developed in England, starting in the seventeenth century. The arguments of people like John Milton on the importance of an unlicensed press, and of people like John Locke on religious toleration, were all the beginning for the idea of the â€Å"freedom of speech†. By the year of 1791, when the First Amendment was ratified, the idea of â€Å"freedom of speech† was so widely accepted that it became the primary, and a very important issue in the amendment. â€Å"Freedom of press† came with it to insure that the written and printed as well as oral communication was protected: â€Å"Congress shall make no law †¦ abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.† From the 1791 and until the beginning of the twentieth century the idea of â€Å"freedom of speech† and the â€Å"freedom of press† was not interfered in by the judicial system. And only during World War I did the Supreme Court actively start to work on the issue of the â€Å"freedom of speech/press† of the First Amendment. In 1919 cases like Schenck vs. United States and Abram vs. United States did the new interpretation of the First Amendment come into place. Schenck vs. United States was argued on January 9 and 10, 1919. The first charges were based on him breaking the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917, because he was getting on the way of the governments recruiting practices, Act of May 18, 1917, while the country was at war with German Empire. The second charge was a conspiracy to commit an offense against the United States, to use the mails for the transmission of the things that were declared to be non-mailable by title 12, 2, of the Act of June 15, 1917. What happened was, that in 1917, when the American troops were away fighting the war, the general secretary of the Socialist party, Charles T. Schenck, and the members of the party mailed between 15,000 and 16,000 pamphlets to draftees. Those pamphlets described draftees as â€Å"a little more than a convict† and tried to convince them to resist conscription. The case was decided March 3, 1919. Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the entire Court. He stated that â€Å"in many places and in ordinary times the defendants in saying all that was said in the circular would have been within their constitutional righ... ...ts to change the mind of the country. Now nobody can suppose that the surreptitious publishing of a silly leaflet by an unknown man, without more, would present any immediate danger. The ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas†¦ the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market†¦. That at any rate is the theory of our Constitution. It is an experiment. While that experiment is part of our system I think we should be eternally vigilant against attempts to check the expression of opinions that we loathe†¦ unless they so imminently threaten immediate interference with the lawful and pressing purposes of the law that an immediate check is required to save the country.† So now because of this case the â€Å"clear and present danger† speech had to become â€Å"imminent danger† speech to be punished. In the case of Schenck vs. United States the decision contracted civil rights, by creating the â€Å"clear and present danger† rule. But in Abrams vs. United States the civil rights have been expanded, because now just simply a clear dangerous speech wouldn’t be punished, it would have to be an â€Å"imminent danger† speech.

Paleys Arguement From Design, And Humes Counter-analogy :: essays research papers

Hume’s counter-analogy does not succeed in undermining Paley’s argument from design. Paley clearly explains to his reader that humans are so complicated that we must have been made by a designer. Hume argues that since the universe is not a human art, and is more like an animal, it does not need a designer. Paley argues that the complexity and functionality of a watch clearly shows that it was made by a designer. Animals are also complex and functional, therefore, Hume does not change the argument adequately enough to effectively counter it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paley lays his argument as such: a watch is like the universe in complexity and functionality, a watch needs a designer, therefore, the universe needs a designer as well. Paley’s argument centers around the simile between a watch and the universe . He points out that the watch is complicated with many parts, yet all work together to form a functional machine. Paley shows in his argument that all the pieces of the watch are put together for a definite purpose. No matter how many watches were made before this one, Paley explains that the watch still has a maker. Watches cannot be designed by other watches, some superior being must have created at least the first one. The designer obviously understands how the watch works and how to create it to function properly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With this premise, Paley introduces the connection between the watch and our universe. He explains clearly that if a watch needs a designer, surely the far more complex universe should need one to. Paley justifies the existence of God through this watch and universe simile. He concludes that if a watch needs a superior designer, then the universe needs a maker as well, this maker being God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hume attempts to counter Paley’s argument by saying that the universe is more like an animal than a work of human art. He says that because the universe is not a human art, it does not need a maker, just as animals do not need makers. Therefore, Paley argues, the universe also does not need a designer, and because of this, God does not exist. Hume does not effectively counter Paley’s argument because he simply replaces a complex watch with an even more complex animal in his statements. He does not successfully address the fact that animals were at some point created as well. Paleys Arguement From Design, And Humes Counter-analogy :: essays research papers Hume’s counter-analogy does not succeed in undermining Paley’s argument from design. Paley clearly explains to his reader that humans are so complicated that we must have been made by a designer. Hume argues that since the universe is not a human art, and is more like an animal, it does not need a designer. Paley argues that the complexity and functionality of a watch clearly shows that it was made by a designer. Animals are also complex and functional, therefore, Hume does not change the argument adequately enough to effectively counter it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paley lays his argument as such: a watch is like the universe in complexity and functionality, a watch needs a designer, therefore, the universe needs a designer as well. Paley’s argument centers around the simile between a watch and the universe . He points out that the watch is complicated with many parts, yet all work together to form a functional machine. Paley shows in his argument that all the pieces of the watch are put together for a definite purpose. No matter how many watches were made before this one, Paley explains that the watch still has a maker. Watches cannot be designed by other watches, some superior being must have created at least the first one. The designer obviously understands how the watch works and how to create it to function properly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With this premise, Paley introduces the connection between the watch and our universe. He explains clearly that if a watch needs a designer, surely the far more complex universe should need one to. Paley justifies the existence of God through this watch and universe simile. He concludes that if a watch needs a superior designer, then the universe needs a maker as well, this maker being God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hume attempts to counter Paley’s argument by saying that the universe is more like an animal than a work of human art. He says that because the universe is not a human art, it does not need a maker, just as animals do not need makers. Therefore, Paley argues, the universe also does not need a designer, and because of this, God does not exist. Hume does not effectively counter Paley’s argument because he simply replaces a complex watch with an even more complex animal in his statements. He does not successfully address the fact that animals were at some point created as well.

Professional Development of the Nursing Professionals Essay

In 2010 the Affordable Care ACT was signed into law. With these laws, the United States is being provided an opportunity to completely redesign its health care system. The model includes heath care that is easier to access, affordable by all, higher safety standards, and higher quality with improved patient outcomes (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). The United States’ health care workforce is largely comprised of nursing professionals. Their role can be pivotal with the reorganization, but are faced with a number of barriers. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the IOM responded to the need for the assessment and transformation of the nursing profession by producing a report which provides recommendations for the future of nursing. Within this report, four key messages were created, the first three being our focus today: * Nurses should use their education and training to its fullest extent * Nurses should expand their education levels and training via seamless, progressive educational models * Nurses should play a leadership role with other health care professionals to reorganize health care * Improved medical health records data and containment systems for more efficient planning and policy creation (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). Obtaining an RN degree should be only the beginning of the lifelong learning process for nursing professionals. Obtaining a higher degree level (BSN or above) should be a smooth process which is encouraged and rewarded. The report recommends licensing, certifying and accrediting bureaus create mandatory competencies and evidence of skills mastery as a complement to the degree program and board exams (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine,  2010). This will ensure effective critical thinking processes and increase patient safety. Creating a more diverse nursing population will open otherwise previous barriers to this vastly expanding field, while allowing the patient population to widen their views of what nursing really entales. After all, the nursing population should be as diverse as the patient population. Finally, educating nursing students alongside other health professionals, including physicians, throughout their nursing careers will encourage them to become future lead ers working collaboratively together. (Cresaia & Friberg, 2010) The Affordable Care Act of 2010 will challenge health professionals to create a more patient centered system. Opening new opportunities for expanding the nursing role and scope will help to bridge the gap in care for chronic conditions, preventative medicine, palliative care, and coordination and transition of care (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). By delivering care to the community and focusing on wellness, prevention and education, healthcare will again be reinvented and adapt to the growing needs of the communities. Creating new careers and scopes of practice for advanced degree nurses will enable patients to have easier access to health care, and more affordable care. Advanced degree nurses are known to provide longer consultations, and provide more education-based, preventative medicine, and increase recall (Laurant, Reeves, Hermens, Braspenning, & Grol, 2009). With the nursing profession continuing to change, more nursing leadership roles are evolving. Though the community is not accustomed to visualizing a nurse in leadership capacity, all nurses must become leaders in order to transform the current working model into the patient centered model. More leadership skills and positions will be necessary to design, implement, evaluate and advocate for the future of health care needs. Working alongside physicians and other health professionals require these leadership skills to achieve a targeted outcome. This also transcends to the care environment by ensuring evidence-based improvements are implemented. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 will provide an opportunity for the health  care system in the United States to be completely redesigned. With nursing being the largest health care profession, nurses can assist with obtaining the objectives in the IOM report which suggests recommendations for the future of nursing (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). Allowing nurse to use their education and competencies to their fullest, more higher degree level nurses will emerge. By expanding their education and training, more leaders in nursing will be created and new opportunities will arise. Community oriented, wellness and disease prevention will be crucial to the growing community needs. By placing Nurse Practitioners in these areas of expertise, cost will be lowered and patient satisfaction, as well as outcome will rise. Furthermore, working as a partnership with physicians and other health care professionals will create a more collaborative working environment and provide b etter patient outcomes as well. References Cresaia, J., & Friberg, E. (2010). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Laurant, M., Reeves, D., Hermens, R., Braspenning, J., & Grol, R. (2009). Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care. The Cochrane Library. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub2/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+4+Feb+from+10-12+GMT+for+monthly+maintenance Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine. (2010, October 5, 2010). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (Institute of Medicine). : Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing.

Inclusive Education Essay

This report details the role of educational inclusion, individual and general perspectives on inclusion and how the medical and social models have played a great part in the conception and in its application in regards to inclusion in the past and in recent times. Inclusion has different conception and used in certain terminology that relates to inclusion. It is used in different settings such as in social care and in the educational setting in the society today. In this report I will be focusing on the educational part. The Encarta English Dictionary defines inclusion as the addition of somebody or something to the rest of a whole. This definition has not specified who is to be included but a person or group being part and accepted by the rest of a whole. Inclusion have been defined and interpreted by many as just the integration of children with special educational needs (SEN) into mainstream school. According to (Rigby 2000) these kinds of misconception and viewpoints often lead to the misunderstanding and maltreatment in such a way that it creates room for continuous labelling, bulling and rejection by others without SEN. The term Inclusion according to (The Warnock 1978 Report) was initially used as integration, whereby children with SEN who have been educated in special schools where integrated into mainstream school provided they did not have any effect on adequate use of resources. The definition of inclusion is actually changing and moving, in the sense that, its concept and dynamism is now broader, people are now beginning to fully understand what it means and what it evolve in the society today. It is not just about people with special needs integrating or having the same capabilities to perform but having equal choices on where is more conducive they choose to live, having equal opportunity to engage in whatever they choose to do and being accepted the way they are (Giangreco 1997). Social Inclusion/ Social Exclusion There are no definite definitions for social inclusion and social exclusion, both of them has multiply definitions, it all depends on the context which it is used for and is still being developed. Exclusion can be defined as the act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded (Inc Icon Group International 2008). According to the definition above, it indicates that social exclusion is multidimensional; people are not only excluded in the society because of their age, sex, religion, colour, disabilities, race and gender it can also be due to unemployment, homelessness, low income, poor mental health, locality, dysfunctional family, educational achievement, status in the society etc (SEU 2004). This group of people are said to be in a Cycle of Disadvantage ( Pope, Pratt and Hoyle, 1986). Article (136 and 137) of The (1997) Amsterdam Treaty was enacted in order to eliminate exclusion and promote economic and social cohesion. Social inclusion promotes integration and community cohesion, it builds the communities, promotes understanding and unity. Inclusive Education and Government Legislation According to (The 1944 Educational Act) it initially stated that, children’s education should be based on their age, aptitude and ability. During the Act establishment, there was a philosophy that children with special need were to be able fit in the school rather than the school making provision to accommodate them before gaining admission into the mainstream school. The (1944 Act) was in use until 1974, when the Warnock Committee was set up to review the provision that was available for children with Special Educational Need. This committee which was headed by Mary Warnock lead to the publication of the 1978 Warnock Report. The Report concluded that, they were about 20% of children in school population that might have Special Education Need and only 2% of which may require support in the mainstream school. The Warnock Report suggested that there should be a proper provision in place for children with Special Educational Need, which then will ensure that the 2% in mainstream school received the adequate provision. The 1978 Warnock Report had since lead to the enactment and development of various educations Act such as, (1981Education Act), (1993 Education Act), (1996 education Act) and the (2001 Special Educational Needs & Disability Act) All these Acts listed above reinforces government’s dedication and commitment to the fully inclusion of children with Special Education Needs into mainstream school and the society as a whole. Inclusive Education and Autism  Abraham Maslow formed a theory on ones personality that has a great influence on education. In his theory of human need, he emphasized that, the student with education need that has a wish or desire to belong to a normal group, that desire creates the motivation to acquire new skills, which the student can only achieve in a learning environment that is void of segregation. He further argued that the sense of belonging is the foundational need that that needs to be met in order to achieve the higher level self actualization. According to (Article 28) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, it stated that every child has a right to education. No child should be discriminated, excluded or deprived on the basis of belonging to a particular group. Therefore Inclusive education can be defined as the integration of adults or children into mainstream school regardless their gender, age, disabilities, ethnicity, colour or impairment (Daniels and Garner 2000). Children with hidden disabilities like autism, which is a life time disability that affects the way a child communicates and interact within the society, are faced with difficulties of being fully included into mainstream school. Prior to the development of the Special Need Education, children with autistic spectrum were viewed under two models of disabilities, Medical or Social Model. These are ways how people viewed and acted towards people with disabilities. The Medical Model of Disability sees the illness in the person first and the individual second, this notion creates a bad and negative conception of disability (Cigman 2007). The Social Model of Disability sees the disable person first before their illness. This model sees the person as an individual, different and unique, who has an equal rights and opportunities to education and other essentials of life. The model recognises the fact that a disable person’s impairment does not regard him or her less than anyone else in the society.

Employment and Apple Store Manager Essay

P1 – Describe the recruitment documentation used in a selected organization. In this criterion I shall be explaining the recruitment documentation used in a selected organization, the organization I have chosen is: Apple Inc. Apple is an American corporation that designs and sells consumer, computer software, and personal computers. The founders, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak established Apple computer on April 1st 1976. As of 2011, Apple is currently the largest technology firm in the world with its stock market value reaching $500 billion in March of 2012. Their revenue for the year 2011 was $127.8 billion in sales. Apple is well known worldwide and has 364 retail stores in thirteen countries. Apple store manager – As the Apple store manager you would be responsible for overall running of the store, a department or a specific area such as the checkout. A manager’s main area of work would involve reaching targets and increasing sales, for example; selling 300 iPhones within a month. You will also be involved in dealing with customer service issues such as queries and complaints, plus health and safety and security issues. The Apple store manager would also be involved in staff management, including interviewing and recruiting, supervising departmental managers and organising training. The recruitment documentations used to apply for a store manager: CV – Your CV is the only thing that the employer has in hand that will give him/her an impression about you. A CV would contain; educational qualifications, additional skills, work experience, job specific skills, interests and personal details. Personal Statement – A personal statement is a description about yourself and your qualities such as highly motivated and enjoy a challenge etc. A personal statement would include any past experience of work, hobbies and interests, this would help improve your image. Job description – A job description outlines the day-to-day duties of your role they have been offered. A job description also gives details of the pay, hours and holiday attached to the role. A job description has four main uses: Organisation – it defines where the job is positioned in the organisation structure. Who reports to who. Recruitment – it provides essential information to potential recruits (and the recruiting team) so that they can determine the right kind of person to do the job (see person specification) Legal – the job description forms an important part of the legally-binding contract of employment Appraisal of performance – individual objectives can be set based on the job description Contract of employment – Agreement between the employer and yourself over the details of a job, this would include: length of contract, pay, employee rights etc. All employees have an employment contract with their employer. A contract is an agreement that sets out an employee’s: * employment conditions * rights * responsibilities * duties These are called the ‘terms’ of the contract. Employees and employers must stick to a contract until it ends (e.g. by an employer or employee giving notice or an employee being dismissed) or until the terms are changed (usually by agreement between the employee and employer). Interview – An interview is a meeting between an applicant for employment and a company representative to determine if the candidate is qualified for a job, an internship or a volunteer opportunity. The interview process depends on the company, the position they are hiring for, and the pool of candidates who have applied for the job. Application form – Employers use application forms to assess your motivation and skills (and your spelling, grammar and punctuation). Questions are designed to assess specific attributes, so applicants can be compared systematically.

The Developments in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Nothing is constant for everything in the world is impermanent. Everything in this world eventually undergoes some form of change. As the world changes, the people also go through essential changes. Children suddenly grow into teenagers and the teenagers become adults. People grow old and the cycle goes on. Thus, various disciplines, such as psychology, categorize human life into several stages, which are determined by age. Each stage has its distinguishable characteristics that aim to describe the attributes of the particular group of individuals.Every person passes through each stage of life. This includes infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. People pass through every stage of development until they reach old age. Under each stage, they experience vital changes in the different aspects of their lives, including physical, cognitive, behavioral, and social aspects of development. Adolescence is considered one of the most crucial stages of the human life. It is the pivotal point where people search for their individuality and determine who they are.This is the reason why the term â€Å"teenage crisis† was developed, as adolescence is the period when a person goes through many significant changes physically, socially, and emotionally. Physical Development in Adolescence Adolescents include people under the age bracket of 13 to 18 years old. During this stage, people experience mixed emotions such as happiness and anxiety, as this the time when people outgrow their childish ways and start facing responsibilities. Puberty marks the biological and physiological maturation of one's body.Various changes could be seen in children who enter this transition. Growth is one of the changes a person experiences during the transition between childhood and adult life. In the case of girls, they begin to rapidly increase in height and achieve almost 98% of their full height at the age of 16. On the other hand, the boys’ period of rapid growth i s at the age of 13 until they reach 20. Many of the teenagers also tend to have a tall and lanky appearance. This is because the skeletal system outpaces the muscular system and the bones elongate while the muscles stay the same (Hatfield, 2007).Girls also go through a significant change during this stage. They start their menstrual cycle which signals readiness for pregnancy. Their breasts also start to develop, and they achieve adult appearance by the age of 16. Boys also achieve their adult appearance by the age of 16. Their muscle strength and coordination are well developed. Their voice also changes, which sometimes causes them embarrassment (Hatfield, 2007). Because of the sudden change in the body, there is also a change in the nutritional needs of adolescents.Since they are growing rapidly and engage in various activities, they need to have more energy and calories to complement in their hyped lifestyle. Teenagers also become aware of sexual changes and sexual maturity. They suddenly become curious in the aspect of sex and sexuality. Society's culture has a significant impact on the perception of adolescents toward sex. Sex is perceived differently in various cultures and this greatly influences adolescents’ developed view on sex. Sexual orientation is also developed during this stage.Adolescents begin to look for their self and establish their identity as they discover their taste and preference. There are various perspectives to describe the adolescence phase. For instance, parents see this stage as full of unsolicited outbursts and rebellious acts. Meanwhile, biological perspectives explain that the adolescence is a stage of turbulence that closely resembles the period when people evolved from savages to civilized beings. Cognitive Development in Adolescence During adolescence, people also experience vital developments in the cognitive aspect.Cognitive maturation includes a wide scope of newly found abilities and functions of the brain, such as the significant change from concrete to abstract thinking. This capability allows adolescents to draw logical conclusions in various situations (Sadock Kaplan, & Sadock, 2007). Jean Piaget also attempts to explain the changes in the cognitive aspect of an individual when he reaches adolescence. According to Piaget, adolescents enter the formal operational stage wherein their cognitive capacity develops, providing them with abstract and scientific thinking skills.Its difference with the concrete operational thinking in children is that children just see the plain reality. They are not concerned with the underlying problems. Adolescents tend to be more inquisitive and probing when it comes to dealing with problems. Statistical data show that about 40 to 60% of adults fail the Piaget's operational problems. This is because adults practice formal operational thinking in their field of expertise or in the field where they have extensive experience. Another reason is adolescents and ad ults do not always practice formal operational thinking.They tend to rely on their intuitive judgments and conclusions. Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence During adolescence, a person is bound to experience some psychological and emotional difficulties while passing through puberty and adolescence. Some of the adolescents develop difficulty in the transition, which includes fear and anxiety and sometimes cause deep depression. It also includes confusion, identity crisis, and anxiety. These things are a common experience during adolescence, and many adolescents do not know how to adapt and conform to the sudden changes.Nevertheless, there are some adolescents who still maintain vital and intimate relationships with others. Some of them are also easily adapt to the changes and develop a positive outlook towards their personal identity (McInerney, 2006). Erik Erikson was the first to discover that identity is one of the major premises that affect the individual's acquisiti on of healthy and productive adult life. The description of oneself, or identity, includes who a person is and what he or she values, his or her goals, and objectives in life. Erikson then developed a theory called identity versus identity confusion.The theory explains that fruitful outcomes during the early stages will render positive resolutions. Erickson also explained that adolescents may also experience identity crisis—a period of confusion and distress. Adolescents tend to explore alternatives before they draw a conclusion. Erikson also added that those who go through â€Å"soul searching† most often settle for a mature identity. There are various things that influence the development of identity. An individual’s identity is molded and shaped by these factors. Parents, peers, school and community are the factors that affect identity.Parental support and encouragement play significant roles in the formation of identity. Being welcomed to a group of peers bo osts people’s self-esteem and relatedness. Their school and community define the environment where they live which affects their attitude and behavior. Emerging Adulthood This period is not an extension of one's adolescence, nor is this the period of young adulthood. During this period, individuals experience less parental control and supervision and they engage in independent exploration. Young adulthood implies that a person is in the early stage of adulthood.Emerging adulthood is a transition after adolescence wherein one is too old to behave like a typical teenager but too young to assume an adult way of life and involve themselves sin adult issues such as marriage and rearing of children (Arnett, 2004). Emerging adulthood is a time when a lot of uncertainties and queries are supposed to be entertained in preparation for the real adult life. It is also considered as one of the most stressful times in one's life, which involve a period of constant exploration in education, jobs and partners. Emerging adults also devote their full attention on looking for alternative roles, values, and behavior.Thus, emerging adulthood is also a stage wherein many changes occur in one’s life. These changes include cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operational stage. Emotional and social changes also occur during this period.Their attitudes and values widen, as they express interest in different kinds of new fields and accept ethnic and cultural diversity. Conclusion Adolescence is both an exciting and anxious stage in human life. During this stage, individuals experience abrupt changes and developments. They experience physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes in forming and defining individuality and personal identity.Emerging adulthood is the transition stage between adolescence and young adulthood. In this stage, individuals enjoy the carelessness in decision making. They are not truly engage in adult life. They explore different things l ike education, jobs, and intimate relationships. They also experience significant changes in the cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. All people go through the stages of the human life cycle. Individuals tend to be anxious and scared when they step into an unknown phase of life. Hence, people should take everything as a significant experience in their search for their real personal identity.ReferencesArnett, J.J. (2004). Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Through the Twenties. Oxford: Oxford UP. Hatfield, N.T. (2007). Broadribb's Introductory Pediatric Nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McInerney, D.M. (2006). Developmental Psychology for Teachers: An Applied Approach. Australia: Allen & Unwin. Sadock, B.J., Kaplan, H.I. & Sadock, V.A. (2007). Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Machiavelli The Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Machiavelli The Prince - Essay Example oted to Lorenzo de Medici), so that he might get back his administration posts and start the realization of his political plans.  The writing is worth-considering, therefore the given paper will discuss the relevance  of the Machiavelli’s advice in the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Prince is considered to be unique. It represents a large recommendation the author provides the Prince with. The Prince is given a valuable advice on how to receive new lands in his possession and how to implement the necessary control in these new lands (Machiavelli, 1997). It is clear that this advice can’t be considered as relevant in the modern world, because now we do not solve our problems with the help of wars. Now we have legislation as the main orientation in political decision making. However, for the time, when The Prince was created, it represented a valuable advice: Because how one ought to live is so far removed from how one lives that he who lets go of what is done for that which one ought to do sooner learns ruin than his own preservation: because a man who might want to make a show of goodness in all things necessarily comes to ruin among so many who are not good. Because of this it is necessary for a prince, wanting to maintain himself, to learn how to be able to be not good and to use this and not use it according to necessity. (Machiavelli, 1997) It is clear, that this advice should by no means be used by modern politicians because it can destroy democratic principles, which have been created during many centuries, however the recommendation is practical for the Machiavelli’s time (Machiavelli, 1997). Notwithstanding that the advice of Machiavelli concerning acquiring new lands can’t be used today, his writing The Prince contains many other valuable and relevant advices, which should be remembered by the contemporary rulers: Some people want to rule, others want to be ruled. It is important to remember that some people are ready to work and other are

Personal Nursing Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Nursing Philosophy - Essay Example In most literature of nursing practice, the paradigm of nursing has been equated to caring, which makes the definition of nursing fit as a hands-on support that is delivered from a nurse or a health professional to a patient, based on medical interventions (Yong, 1998). This paradigm may be said to be a multi-variant paradigm meaning it has several aspects and scopes. For example nursing encompasses the task of a nursing professional to offer help to people and also to help reduce suffering and pain among people. Nursing as a paradigm has therefore been said to have come about as a result of the fundamental reason that people train to be nurses. This means that nursing is rooted in the need for a practicing nurse to seek the wellbeing and improved health of her patient as his or her sole source of satisfaction and reward (Walker et al, 19990). This paradigm was therefore used or employed by making attempts to serve humanity through professional application of medical health. Health: Health has been explained to be a relative state of wellness and wellbeing (Lynn and Oliver, 2003). The term relative is used to depict two major ideas. The first is that health can be interpreted from different perspectives according to the person needing it. A typical example of this is two patients, one of whom is suffering from cancer and the other from malaria. For the patient suffering from cancer may deem a day that he finds himself alive and in less pain as a day that health was achieved. The other patient suffering malaria would also find a day he achieved health as one in which the symptoms of cold and fever were down for him. The other idea of health as being relative is that health is measurable. This means that a person can rate health such as being good, better, best, bad, worse, and so on. This paradigm was employed as a concept of ensuring equality in the provision of health care to people so that at the end of the day, all can enjoy some level of health delivery. Environment: The Environment has been explained to be an embodiment of everything that to the recovery of the patient (Pender et al, 1990). This means that the environment is basically every health and medical phenomenon around the patient. This may therefore include both logistics and human resource. Logistics may refer to the availability of medicines, standardized patient beds, laboratory services, and other tangible materials used in the delivery of health care. Human resources on the other hand may refer to people like laboratory technicians, nurses, doctors, pharmacists and ward attendants. In some

Should All Drugs Be Legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should All Drugs Be Legalized - Essay Example On the other hand, those who violently oppose the legalization of all drugs contend that legalization would actually make â€Å"harmful, psychoactive, and addictive substances affordable, available, convenient, and marketable. It would expand the use of drugs. It would remove the social stigma attached to illicit drug use, and would send a message of tolerance for drug use, especially to youth† (Drug Watch International, 2001, par. 1). The current discourse hereby asserts that all drugs should be legalized to eradicate the costs of prohibition, to lower its prices, and to minimize repercussive violence that results from illegal trade and criminal activities that ensue from the sale and use. At the current status of governmental policies and regulations of restricting the sale and use of drugs, statistics have consistently revealed that ther are more incidences of addiction and costs to society All Drugs Must be Legalized The legalization of drugs would eradicate the costs of p rohibition. As asserted by a Harvard University professor, Jeffrey Miron, the costs of prohibiting drugs are enormous. In the United States, for instance, it was revealed that â€Å"If it legalized drugs, the United States could save $85 billion to $90 billion per year. Roughly half that is spent on the current drugs policy and half that is lost in taxes that the state could have levied on legal drugs† (Miron, 2013, par. 4). ... eral deficits by eliminating expenditure on prohibition enforcement -- arrests, prosecutions, and incarceration -- and by allowing governments to collect tax revenue on legalized sales† (Ghosh, 2010, par. 8). As disclosed, the savings that would be generated from legalization would definitely outweigh the costs of prohibition. Likewise, by legalizing drugs, the black markets would be eliminated and therefore, the prices of drugs would significantly decrease (Drug Watch International, 2001). Birrell averred that â€Å"legalisation would replace the freest of markets that currently exists to the benefit of the world's most vicious crooks with a system in which supply is controlled, products regulated and profits taxed† (Birrell, 2013, par. 8). Thus, the elimination of the black markets would likewise eliminate absence of accountability and make the sale of drugs safer and more secure. Finally, if the prohibition or restriction of the sale and use of drugs are lifted, viole nce and drug-related criminal activities would be reduced, minimized or out rightly prevented. According to Vibes (2013), â€Å"the steady increase in violent crime over the past few decades is directly correlated with the escalation of the drug war† (par. 4). This was supported by Miron (2013) who emphasized that â€Å"prohibition leads to violence. By making a black market inevitable, you generate violence because the conflicts between the parties involved in the drug trade can't be solved by legal means within the judicial system† (par. 20). In fact, from the statistics disclosed by the U.S. Department of Justice, it was noted that â€Å"state and local law enforcement agencies made an estimated 1,336,500 arrests for drug possession or use in 2010† (Snyder, 2010, p. 11). In the UK, it was disclosed

Government power and individual safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government power and individual safety - Essay Example Any person should expect a semblance of safety also in his/her home and community. This means that the government will have the power to enforce laws and regulations that prevent people from trespassing in and damaging other people’s private property, for example. The government uses the police to catch criminals violating individual safety. At the same time, there should be a legislative component that tries suspects of these crimes. For example, if someone kills a person, this act gross violates individual safety. The government must then use its police and court system to ensure that the violated right of safety will be promoted and that justice will be served. The promotion of individual safety, however, should not undermine national safety. National safety refers to overall wellbeing of the people or of a large group of people. For instance, it can refer to protecting the life of a city. Terrorism directly impacts and kills numerous of lives and the government has once pr ioritized the protection of national safety over that of individual safety. Individual safety is important, but when national safety is paramount, the latter can be given emphasis by the government. A society without a governing authority will have no social order, and hence, no enjoyment of social liberties. The government needs power to have the â€Å"authority to set and enforce limits on individual freedom to maintain social order† for without social order, individual liberties will be meaningless (Bond and Smith, 2010, 114). Without a governing authority, any person can directly infringe on the personal freedoms of others. Criminals will fear no punishment, since there is no government. Crime rates will soar. People will no longer respect contracts and agreements. There will be no peace and social order. Chaos will reign. It is through a legitimate governing authority that social order will be implemented and individual liberties will have realization. This essay shows t hat the government should have enough power to secure individual safety, but not to the extent of sacrificing national safety, and that a society without a governing authority will have no social order, and hence, no enjoyment of social liberties. The government should promote individual safety and protect the rights of the individual, but national safety often is more important than individual safety. Finally, a legitimate governing authority provides social order will be implemented, where individual liberties will have realization and protection. Political Ideology: Individual and Social Progress or for Power and Influence over Society Political ideology refers to the set of beliefs of â€Å"what the government should do† (Bessette and Pitney, 2011, 252), as well as to the cultural, economic, social, and political beliefs of the majority of society. It means that it

Importance of Management in an Organization Research Paper

Importance of Management in an Organization - Research Paper Example This report considers management as an asset and a resource to the organization putting forward an explanation on its importance to the organization. The report tries to provide a deeper and precise understanding of the management phenomena for the sustainability and the competiveness of the organization. Using a case setting of a health care and a medical service provider it is evident that management contributes greatly to the improved performance, efficiency and the competitiveness of the organization, this examination is based on the longitudinal study of this organization covering its key departments in which the concept of management is vital. The report provides the importance of management for a better organizational corporate environment attributed by good management. Finally is that the report justifies the importance of management in the interaction among the stakeholders organization which is crucial in determining the stability and the organizational future sustainability. Contents ABSTRACT 2 Contents 3 INTRODUCTION 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 Case Study Setting 10 RESULTS 10 The Perception of the Stakeholders 12 DISCUSS ION OF THE RESULTS 13 CONCLUSIONS 16 INTRODUCTION There have been ambiguities in the context of the concept of management in most organizations on its importance in the contribution to the improved performance and the overall success an organization. Most of the organizations notably both the profit and non-profit organizations have began to realize the importance of adopting best and improved management principles and practices in order to be able to establish themselves and to adapt into the current corporate environment. In regard to the principles of best management practices, management is widely recognized as the intangible asset and a resource of an organization which is the key factor towards the achievement of organizational sustainability as well as the competitive advantage thus contributing to the accelerating pace and the overall growth of the organization (Agarwal 2003). According to the various research provided by scholars, in the current corporate world the initial and traditional factors of production such as the capital, labor and land have become less important in the achievement of optimum positive economic and social returns without the incorporation of the concept of management. As the implication of this, it is notable that most of the organizations have concentrated in the investment and the creation of value and convertible economic results through the integration of management principles and practices while running the operations of the organization (David Knights 2007). The importance of management in the running of organizations has been acknowledged by most of the scholars and researchers as the major strategic resource management in the achievement of the organization competiveness and the organizational sustainability. The increased dynamicity, complexity and the complexity in the operations of the various organizations has sparked the interest and the need to adopt better and enhanced management. The key importance of managemen t is its purpose and role in the formulation and design of management strategies, these strategies are regarded as the essential corporate resource which provides the sustainability and the competitive advantage to the organization. The major part of the workforce is the presence of qualified employees who are well educated with the relevant knowledge and experience for the designated